Historically, formal assessments evolved with the growth of mass education. The concept of marks, grades, certificates and credentials evolved in the post-Enlightenment period of scientific rationality. The school-leaving examination certificates served as a motivator for learners to aspire and aim higher. Employers gained information and data about potential recruits. As state or public-funded school education became the norm in many countries, the accountability of the educational institutions. Sign in to read more..